Mac Operating System - ComputerScienceHub

Terminal is an application that runs commands given by user, actually there is a special program inside Terminal called Shell – which reads in commands and execute them on Mac OS operating system.Terminal’s only job is to open windows and manage shells, while shells actually do real work of Command Execution. You can enter commands in Terminal and then Shell Program running inside terminal will execute those commands. Commands are a kind of way to interact with Operating System and File System. These can be used for creating files/directories or checking status of processes being run by the Operating System. That’s why these can be really useful, moreover terminal commands can be used for building programming projects as well. Like you can build a Django Framework based website just from Terminal. Moreover, Terminal can be used for compiling/executing multiple files in a large Software Engineering Project. That’s why every beginner in Software Engineering should be aware about What is Terminal, How does it works and what are commands which can be used in it? Also if in case you already don’t know what is terminal then check out this article – What is Terminal in MAC OS?.Anyway let's get into what Directory Operations can be used in Mac Terminal. Directory Operations Commands These are commands which can be used for dealing with Directories in Mac FileSystem. Directory Operation CommandDescriptioncdChange the current working directorypwdPrints out name of current working directorybasenamePrints out file part of a file pathdirnamePrints out name of directory that contains a filemkdirCreates a new directoryrmdirDeletes an empty directoryrm -rDeletes a non-empty directory and all of content(either files or directories) in it cd - Directory Operation Command Change the current working directory.cd command in general can be written as cd [directory]In the below picture, cd command changes current directory from being gagan to root directory ~ pwd - Directory Operation Command Prints out name of current working directory.pwd command in general can be written as only pwdIn the below picture, pwd command prints out /Users/gagan which is current working directory. basename - Directory Operation Command Prints out file part of a file pathbasename command in general can be written as basename pathIn the below picture, basename /Users/gagan/Desktop/Folder1/file1.txt command prints out file1.txt dirname - Directory Operation Command Prints out name of directory that contains a file.dirname command in general can be written as dirname pathIn the below picture, dirname /Users/gagan/Desktop/Folder1/file1.txt command prints out /Users/gagan/Desktop/Folder1 mkdir - Directory Operation Command Creates a new directorymkdir command in general can be written as mkdir [options] directory/directories Options for mkdir Options for mkdir CommandDescriptionmkdir -pCreates a directory path, even creates more directories for creating the necessary required directorymkdir -m modeAssign access permissions while creating directory mkdir -p Command In the below picture, command mkdir -p computer/science/hub for creating hub directory will create directories computer, science as well. mkdir -m mode Command In the below picture, command mkdir -m 0755 ComputerScienceHub will create a directory ComputerScienceHub but as mode = 0755 so that's why directory ComputerScienceHub will be readable by anyone. But writable by only user who created it. rmdir - Directory Directory Operation Deletes an empty directory.rmdir command in general can be written as rmdir [options] directory/directories Options for rmdir Command Options for rmdir CommandDescriptionrmdir -pDeletes all the directories in a path rmdir -p command Deletes all the directories in a path. In the below picture, Folder1 have directories computer -> science -> hub and a file file1.txt, command rmdir -p computer/science/hub will remove all of directories in path. So only file1.txt file would be left in Folder1. rm - Directory Operation Command Deletes a non-empty directory and all of content(either files or directories) in it.dirname command in general can be written as rm [options] path. Options for rm command Options for rm CommandDescriptionrm -r or rm -rfRemoves directoryrm -riAsks user yes/no question, before actually removing directory rm -r Command Removes directory. In the below picture, Folder1 have computer -> science -> hub directories. Executing rm -r computer command will remove computer -> science -> hub. rm -rf Command Removes directory. In the below picture, Folder1 have computer -> science -> hub directories. Executing rm -r computer command will remove computer -> science -> hub. rm -ri Command Asks user yes/no question, before actually removing directory. In the below picture, command rm -ri computer will first ask user whether to delete or not. Final Thoughts I hope that this article helped you to understand Terminal Directory Operation Commands. If in case you have some question or doesn't understand anything from this article, then let me know in comments below. I'll try to reply as soon as possible for me.